Dental Glossary

All-on-4 зъбни импланти

A full-arch tooth replacement technique using just four strategically placed dental implants to support a complete set of fixed teeth.

Вадене на зъб

The removal of a tooth from its socket in the bone.

Естетична стоматология

Dental procedures focused on improving the appearance of teeth, gums, and smile.

Зъбен имплант

An artificial tooth root surgically placed in the jawbone to support a replacement tooth or bridge.

Зъбен мост

A fixed prosthetic device that replaces one or more missing teeth by anchoring to adjacent teeth.

Зъбен фасет

A thin shell of porcelain or composite bonded to the front of teeth to improve appearance.

Зъбна коронка

A tooth-shaped cap placed over a damaged tooth to restore its shape, size, strength, and appearance.

Зъбна пломба

Material used to repair a tooth damaged by decay, restoring its normal function and shape.

Зъбна протеза

Removable replacements for missing teeth and surrounding tissues.

Зъболечение със седация

The use of sedation techniques to help anxious patients receive dental treatment comfortably.

Избелване на зъби

A cosmetic procedure to lighten teeth and remove stains and discoloration.

Костна присадка

Surgical procedure to replace or regenerate bone in the jaw for dental implant placement.

Лечение на коренов канал

A treatment to repair and save a badly damaged or infected tooth by removing the damaged pulp.

Ортодонтски апарати

The different devices used in orthodontic treatment, including metal braces, ceramic braces, lingual braces, and clear aligners.

Почистване на зъбен камък

Professional cleaning procedure to remove plaque and tartar buildup from teeth and below the gumline.

Прозрачни шини

Removable transparent plastic trays that gradually straighten teeth as an alternative to traditional metal braces.

Алвеоларна кост

The part of the jawbone that contains the sockets (alveoli) where teeth are anchored.

Венец (гингива)

The soft tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth.

Дентин

The layer of the tooth beneath the enamel that forms the bulk of the tooth structure.

Зъбен емайл

The hard, outer layer of the tooth that protects against decay.

Зъбна пулпа

The soft tissue inside the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels.

Мъдреци

Third molars that typically emerge between ages 17-25, often requiring extraction.

Периодонтален лигамент

Connective tissue fibers that connect the tooth root to the alveolar bone.

Бруксизъм (скърцане със зъби)

Involuntary grinding, gnashing, or clenching of teeth, often during sleep.

Гингивит

Inflammation of the gums, usually caused by bacterial plaque buildup.

Зъбен абсцес

A pocket of pus caused by bacterial infection at the root of a tooth or in the gums.

Зъбен кариес

Tooth decay caused by bacteria that produce acids that dissolve tooth enamel.

Зъбна плака и зъбен камък

Plaque is a sticky bacterial film on teeth; tartar (calculus) is hardened plaque that can only be removed professionally.

Зъбна чувствителност

Pain or discomfort in teeth when exposed to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic substances.

Малоклузия (неправилна захапка)

Misalignment of teeth when the jaws are closed, commonly called a 'bad bite'.

Пародонтит

A serious gum infection that damages soft tissue and destroys the bone supporting teeth.

Темпоромандибуларна дисфункция

Pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint connecting the jaw to the skull.

Халитоза (лош дъх)

Chronic bad breath that doesn't go away with regular brushing and flossing.

3D печат в стоматологията

Additive manufacturing technology used to create dental models, surgical guides, aligners, crowns, and dentures.

CAD/CAM стоматология

Computer-aided design and manufacturing technology for creating dental restorations.

CBCT (конусно-лъчева компютърна томография)

A specialized 3D imaging technique providing detailed views of teeth, soft tissues, nerve pathways, and bone.

Автоклав

A sterilization device using high-pressure steam to eliminate all microorganisms from dental instruments.

Дентален лазер

A focused light beam device used for precise soft and hard tissue procedures in dentistry.

Дигитален отпечатък (интраорален скенер)

A digital scanning method that captures precise 3D images of teeth and gums, replacing traditional putty impressions.

Дигитална рентгенография

An advanced form of dental X-ray using digital sensors instead of traditional film.

Интраорална камера

A small camera used to take close-up images inside the mouth.

Панорамна рентгенография (OPG)

A single X-ray image that captures the entire mouth including all teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures.

Пародонтално сондиране и измерване на джобове

The clinical process of measuring gum pocket depths around each tooth to assess periodontal health.

Стоматологичен стол

A specialized chair designed to support patients during dental examinations and procedures.

Закони за поверителност на здравните данни (GDPR, HIPAA, PIPEDA)

Global regulations governing how healthcare providers, including dental practices, must protect patient data.

Изкуствен интелект в стоматологията

Machine learning algorithms that assist in dental diagnosis, treatment planning, and practice optimization.

Информирано съгласие в стоматологията

The process of informing patients about proposed treatments, risks, alternatives, and costs before obtaining their agreement.

История на стоматологичната документация

The evolution of dental documentation from handwritten paper charts to modern electronic health records.

Намаляване на неявяванията и анулиранията

Strategies and systems dental practices use to minimize patients failing to attend or canceling scheduled appointments.

Пациентски портал

A secure online platform where patients can access their dental records and communicate with the practice.

Системи за номериране на зъбите (FDI, Universal, Palmer)

Standardized systems used by dentists worldwide to identify and reference individual teeth by number or letter.

Теледентална медицина

Remote delivery of dental consultations and patient monitoring using digital communication technologies.