Dental Glossary

All-on-4 имплантация

A full-arch tooth replacement technique using just four strategically placed dental implants to support a complete set of fixed teeth.

Зубная коронка

Колпачок в форме зуба, устанавливаемый на повреждённый зуб для восстановления его формы, размера, прочности и внешнего вида.

Зубная пломба

Material used to repair a tooth damaged by decay, restoring its normal function and shape.

Зубной винир

A thin shell of porcelain or composite bonded to the front of teeth to improve appearance.

Зубной имплантат

Искусственный корень зуба, хирургически установленный в челюстную кость для поддержки замещающего зуба или мостовидного протеза.

Зубной мост

A fixed prosthetic device that replaces one or more missing teeth by anchoring to adjacent teeth.

Зубные протезы

Removable replacements for missing teeth and surrounding tissues.

Корневой канал

Лечение для восстановления и сохранения сильно повреждённого или инфицированного зуба путём удаления повреждённой пульпы.

Костный трансплантат

Surgical procedure to replace or regenerate bone in the jaw for dental implant placement.

Отбеливание зубов

Косметическая процедура для осветления зубов и удаления пятен и изменения цвета.

Прозрачные элайнеры

Removable transparent plastic trays that gradually straighten teeth as an alternative to traditional metal braces.

Скейлинг зубов

Professional cleaning procedure to remove plaque and tartar buildup from teeth and below the gumline.

Стоматология под седацией

The use of sedation techniques to help anxious patients receive dental treatment comfortably.

Типы ортодонтических аппаратов и брекетов

The different devices used in orthodontic treatment, including metal braces, ceramic braces, lingual braces, and clear aligners.

Удаление зуба

Удаление зуба из его лунки в кости.

Эстетическая стоматология

Dental procedures focused on improving the appearance of teeth, gums, and smile.

Альвеолярная кость

The part of the jawbone that contains the sockets (alveoli) where teeth are anchored.

Дентин

The layer of the tooth beneath the enamel that forms the bulk of the tooth structure.

Десна

Мягкая ткань, окружающая и поддерживающая зубы.

Зубная эмаль

Твёрдый наружный слой зуба, защищающий от кариеса.

Зубы мудрости

Third molars that typically emerge between ages 17-25, often requiring extraction.

Периодонтальная связка

Connective tissue fibers that connect the tooth root to the alveolar bone.

Пульпа зуба

Мягкая ткань внутри зуба, содержащая нервы и кровеносные сосуды.

Бруксизм

Involuntary grinding, gnashing, or clenching of teeth, often during sleep.

Галитоз

Chronic bad breath that doesn't go away with regular brushing and flossing.

Гингивит

Inflammation of the gums, usually caused by bacterial plaque buildup.

Зубной абсцесс

A pocket of pus caused by bacterial infection at the root of a tooth or in the gums.

Зубной налёт и зубной камень

Plaque is a sticky bacterial film on teeth; tartar (calculus) is hardened plaque that can only be removed professionally.

Кариес

Tooth decay caused by bacteria that produce acids that dissolve tooth enamel.

Малокклюзия

Misalignment of teeth when the jaws are closed, commonly called a 'bad bite'.

Пародонтит

A serious gum infection that damages soft tissue and destroys the bone supporting teeth.

Расстройство височно-нижнечелюстного сустава

Pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint connecting the jaw to the skull.

Чувствительность зубов

Pain or discomfort in teeth when exposed to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic substances.

3D-печать в стоматологии

Additive manufacturing technology used to create dental models, surgical guides, aligners, crowns, and dentures.

CAD/CAM стоматология

Computer-aided design and manufacturing technology for creating dental restorations.

Автоклав

A sterilization device using high-pressure steam to eliminate all microorganisms from dental instruments.

Интраоральная камера

A small camera used to take close-up images inside the mouth.

КЛКТ (конусно-лучевая компьютерная томография)

A specialized 3D imaging technique providing detailed views of teeth, soft tissues, nerve pathways, and bone.

Панорамный снимок (ОПГ)

A single X-ray image that captures the entire mouth including all teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures.

Пародонтальное зондирование и измерение карманов

The clinical process of measuring gum pocket depths around each tooth to assess periodontal health.

Стоматологический лазер

A focused light beam device used for precise soft and hard tissue procedures in dentistry.

Стоматологическое кресло

A specialized chair designed to support patients during dental examinations and procedures.

Цифровой оттиск (интраоральный сканер)

A digital scanning method that captures precise 3D images of teeth and gums, replacing traditional putty impressions.

Цифровой рентген

An advanced form of dental X-ray using digital sensors instead of traditional film.

Законы о защите медицинских данных (GDPR, HIPAA, PIPEDA)

Global regulations governing how healthcare providers, including dental practices, must protect patient data.

Информированное согласие в стоматологии

The process of informing patients about proposed treatments, risks, alternatives, and costs before obtaining their agreement.

Искусственный интеллект в стоматологии

Machine learning algorithms that assist in dental diagnosis, treatment planning, and practice optimization.

История стоматологической документации

The evolution of dental documentation from handwritten paper charts to modern electronic health records.

Неявка на приём к стоматологу

Strategies and systems dental practices use to minimize patients failing to attend or canceling scheduled appointments.

Портал пациента

A secure online platform where patients can access their dental records and communicate with the practice.

Системы нумерации зубов (FDI, универсальная, Палмера)

Standardized systems used by dentists worldwide to identify and reference individual teeth by number or letter.

Телестоматология

Remote delivery of dental consultations and patient monitoring using digital communication technologies.